Another study has assessed six plasma proteins (PSA, glucose, pepsinogen C, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS), and BRCA1-like immunoreactive protein (BRCA1-LIP) in 202 SP samples from patients with azoospermia, oligozoospermia, vasectomy, and men with normozoospermia, by immunofluorimetry. This evidence concerns the gene PTGDS and Azoospermia.