LPA and atherosclerosis: Previous studies suggest that small apolipoprotein(a) isoforms, which are also associated with higher lipoprotein(a) levels, may increase an individual’s risk of ASCVD more than expected by changes in lipoprotein(a) concentration alone.46 However, in this study we did not find that the LPA GRS, which contains several genetic variants associated with small apolipoprotein(a) size,6 explained additional ASCVD risk beyond measured levels of lipoprotein(a).