Interleukin 12 (IL-12p70) and interferon γ (IFNγ) increased in blood during early infection; acute infection was marked by elevated circulating natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, and B cells, as well as increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-10 (Figure 1C, Figure 1—figure supplement 1). Here, TNF is linked to infection.