As AHR has diverse functions in many cell types, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes, its precise role in a given infection is often undefined (Agbor et al., 2011; Boule et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2019; Chng et al., 2016; Jux et al., 2011; Metidji et al., 2018; Sekine et al., 2009; Walisser et al., 2005). This evidence concerns the gene AHR and infection.