BDNF and hippocampal atrophy: Path analysis based on SEM indicated that the direct paths from age (β = 0.290, p < 0.001), sport (β = 0.186, p = 0.001), hippocampal atrophy (ZAdvance) (β = 0.142, p = 0.019), and log10 BDNF (β = 0.138, p = 0.015) to memory dysfunction (Rivermead) were significant (Fig. 3).