LEP and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: To confirm the alleviating effect of R. faecis on liver damage in other mouse NAFLD models, we used a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) model which prevents body weight loss in mice and shows no insulin resistance, and a genetic leptin-deficient (db/db) model, which develops spontaneously diabetes and fatty liver with insulin resistance.