TNF and malignant colon neoplasm: In line with its role as an inflammation amplifier, the interleukin expression it is upregulated by TNFα in ESCC [62] and colon cancer [17] cell lines and, in a positive feed-back loop, activates NFκB in esophageal tumors [28] and upregulates TNFα expression and secretion in the colon [17,27].