Figure 1 summarizes the modulation of NF-κB signaling by ECTV-encoded proteins [23,24,25,26]. Due to its similarities in genetic background and disease presentation with smallpox, mousepox (smallpox of mice) is recognized as an excellent model to study smallpox infection in humans, zoonotic monkeypox, as well as generalized viral infections. Importantly, a mousepox model is also used for testing medical countermeasures against VARV and other orthopoxviruses [27,28]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is smallpox.