Recently, a new concept has emerged: the enteric nervous system (ENS) is considered as new target to treat T2D.4 In fact, duodenal hypercontractility observed during T2D leads to the genesis of aberrant signalling from the afferent nerves to the hypothalamus, contributing to systemic insulin resistance.5 Using pharmacological approaches, an oral treatment with gut peptides has been shown to improve glucose metabolism by stimulating the release of nitric oxide (NO) from enteric neurons. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.