We demonstrated that AGE albumin, isolated from both type 1 and 2 DM subjects’ serum, alters the transcription of genes involved in ABCA1 expression and activity in macrophages, such as Scd1 (Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1), Jak2 (Janus kinase 2) and Nox4 (NADPH oxidase 4) [15,16], leading to intracellular lipid accumulation. This evidence concerns the gene NOX4 and diabetes mellitus.