Elevated levels of circulating exosomes detected in SLE patient serum promoted TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 production in coincubated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy patients [40], whilst microparticles isolated from SLE patient serum contained elevated levels of IgG, associated with autoantibody and complement activation [42]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.