CALCA and ulcerative colitis: the berberine can promote the recovery of ulcerative colitis in mice induced by DSS, inhibiting inflammatory response of macrophages and colon epithelial cells, promote macrophage apoptosis of colon, and can inhibit the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathway, cut DSS induced TNF, IFN-γ,KC, IL-17, to cut macrophages and colon epithelial cells in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, reduce fossae injury, and severe inflammatory lesion.[14]