NFAT5 and atherosclerosis: NFAT5 directly regulates monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 [83] and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) [84], which induce macrophage migration and mediate endothelium innate immunity, resulting in the formation of atherosclerosis during the early stages of atherosclerosis.