TM4SF1 and lung carcinoma: As shown in Table 2, shorter median survival time, shorter median overall survival, shorter progression-free survival, early post-operative relapse, older age, and smoking were associated with high TM4SF1 expression, which has prognostic value, is a risk factor for poor outcomes, and could be useful as a tumor biomarker for patients with lung cancer (Kao et al., 2003; Ma et al., 2018; Ye et al., 2019).