CFTR and bacterial infectious disease: Continuous exposure to hypoxia for 24 h was also reported to inhibit active sodium absorption and the HIF2α- and NF-κB-dependent bacterial infection (Tomlinson et al., 1999; Schaible et al., 2013), while hypoxia for 12 h was shown to increase HIF1α-dependent miR-200b expression and decrease expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (Bartoszewska et al., 2017), and hypoxia for 6 h was sufficient to significantly ameliorate the oxidant-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction (Olson et al., 2011).