SNCA and Parkinson disease: Moreover, several compounds associated with the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent autophagy, such as metformin (Dulovic et al., 2014; Patil et al., 2014; Lu et al., 2016), or nilotinib (Hebron et al., 2013; Karuppagounder et al., 2014; Mahul-Mellier et al., 2014), have been reported to inhibit α-synuclein accumulation and to exert neuroprotection in several PD models.