It has been also shown that fibrillar α-synuclein may induce synaptic vesicle endocytosis and blockage of vesicle recycling, further contributing to the development of synaptopathy, which characterizes PD and related synucleinopathies (Nemani et al., 2010; Busch et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2016). The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is synucleinopathy.