As a signal transducer in the miR-146a-5p/TRAF6/NF-κB axis that fine-tunes immune homeostasis, TRAF6 is a downstream effector of miR-146a-5p, with pleiotropic roles in carcinogenesis, cancer invasion and metastasis (Meng et al., 2012; Zhang X.L. et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.