SP1 and cardiac hypertrophy: Sp1 can potentially promote cardiac hypertrophy by activating the transcription of a panel of hypertrophic genes, including troponin T (Azakie et al., 2006), ANF (Hu et al., 2011), HCN2/4 (Lin et al., 2009), and SERCA2 (Takizawa et al., 2003).