According to the published data, TGF-β1 is involved not only in immune suppression in tumor microenvironment (Takahashi et al., 2017), but also promotes heterogeneity and cancer stem cell formation (Oshimori et al., 2015) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Horiguchi et al., 2012), supporting our findings. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.