Vitamin D enhances the innate immune response while, paradoxically, protecting against excessive inflammation by suppressing TNFα and the cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-17) implicated in severe COVID-19, and elevating anti-inflammatory IL-10 (19, 28, 31, 33, 45, 91, 149, 160–169). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is COVID-19.