In addition to its direct stimulation of integrin signaling, fibronectin can indirectly influence growth factor signaling and cell proliferation by interacting with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-1 (BMP-1), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF-2), Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) and latent TGFβ, although this is yet to be demonstrated specifically in NSCLC tumors (73). Here, FN1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.