SOX2 and cancer: During the formation of CSC-like cells, cancer cells undergo cell reprogramming, which resets the differentiated cells to a pluripotent state through nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and overexpression of transcription factors, such as octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), sex-determining region Y-Box 2 (SOX2), Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and c-MYC (or OSKM) (28).