BAX and breast cancer: In accord, studies on cancer cell lines have revealed that iodine exerts antiproliferative and apoptotic effects through the BAX-caspase apoptotic pathway in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, ZR-75-1, and T-47D) with doses of 3 μm of molecular iodine [21, 33], as well as apoptosis in DMBA-induced mammary gland tumors in the Wistar rat model [34, 35].