The results showed that the expression of Ki-67 was observably reduced in the tumour tissues of the BP + aCD47 combined treatment groups, and slight suppression of Ki-67 expression was detected in the BP with 808-nm NIR irradiation group, which was consistent with the H&E results, confirming the inhibition of proliferation and growth of cancer cells by the photothermal ablation effect of BP as well as the BP plus aCD47 combination treatments (Fig. 5e). This evidence concerns the gene MKI67 and neoplasm.