OXCT1 and viral infectious disease: In lung tissue, the ketogenic diet upregulated mitochondrial ETC gene expression and the expression of the OXCT1 gene encoding SCOT (succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase), the rate-limiting enzyme for ketolysis, suggesting that R-BHB catabolism in the lungs plays an important role in the protective effects of the ketogenic diet against viral infection [113].