CAD and infection: Several recent studies have highlighted the importance of Giardia CPs in infections, specifically, the degradation of chemokines, antibodies, antimicrobial peptides, tight junction proteins and in encystation (Williams and Coombs, 1995; Jiménez et al., 2000; Coradi and Guimarães, 2006; Rodríguez-Fuentes et al., 2006; Carvalho et al., 2008; Ringqvist et al., 2011; Ma’ayeh and Brook-Carter, 2012; Ferella et al., 2014; Bhargava et al., 2015; Emery et al., 2016; Dubourg et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2018).