IRF3 and viral infectious disease: After treatment with poly(I:C) that mimics the double-strand RNA (dsRNA) virus infection, all of the analyzed IFN system genes, including ifn, ifi58 (interferon inducible protein 58), pkr (dsRNA-activated protein kinase R), irf1 (interferon regulatory factor 1), irf3, irf7, viperin, mx1 (MX dynamin-like GTPase 1), tbk1 (TANK binding kinase 1), stat1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), tlr3 (toll-like receptor 3) and rig1, were significantly up-regulated (Figure 6A).