MiRNA-19b-3p derived from tubular epithelial cells of LPS-induced AKI mice promoted M1 macrophage activation, which was associated with the activation of NF-κB and the upregulation of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS, by suppressing SOCS-1 in vitro, and induced the upregulation of MCP-1 and IL-6, macrophage infiltration, and tubulointerstitial inflammation of kidney in vivo (53). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and acute kidney injury.