CCL2 and infection: M. genitalium is known to cause long-term infection in SV40-immortalized human urothelial cell line (SV-HUC-1) cells, resulting in the secretion of chronic inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) and promotion of responsiveness to secondary Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation (10).