HMGB1 and lung cancer: Additionally, in our cohort, intrapleural HMGB1 from lung cancer patients (70.05 ng/ml ± 24.70) was significantly elevated compared to levels observed in ovarian cancer patients (21.01 ng/ml ± 3.54; p = 0.025) and raised compared to breast cancer patients (34.50 ng/ml ± 7.38; p = 0.057) (Supplementary Figure 1).