In fact, the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial, a study assessing the efficiency of ramipril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, in preventing future cardiovascular events in high-risk patients, showed that inhibition or regression of cardiac hypertrophy is able to decrease heart failure and stroke events as well as increase survival rate, thus questioning whether hypertrophy is ever an adaptive process at all (Mathew et al., 2001). The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is stroke disorder.