PPARG and colitis: Oral administration of the four components of C. asiatica could attenuate colitis in mice, but it’s mainly madecassoside acid, the active form of madecassoside, when topically administered in the colon, weakened colitis by regulating Th17/Treg balance via affecting the PPARγ/AMPK/ACC1 pathway (Xu et al., 2017).