In our present study, we find the expressions of NLRC5, IL-6, and TNF-α in ectopic and eutopic ESCs of patients with endometriosis are up-regulated compared to the ESCs of patients with leiomyoma, and the levels of NLRC5, IL-6, and TNF-α in ectopic ESCs are also obviously higher than in the eutopic ESCs. Here, NLRC5 is linked to leiomyoma.