VEGFC and neoplasm: For example, numerous works on xenogeneic tumor transplantation models in mice have demonstrated that targeting the VEGFC-VEGFR3 and VEGFD-VEGFR3 axis can inhibit tumor lymphangiogenesis, lymphadenopathy, and lymph node metastasis (Stacker et al., 2001; Karpanen et al., 2001; He et al., 2002; Achen et al., 2005; He et al., 2005; Lin et al., 2005; Alitalo, 2011).