Confirming that the most severe alterations occur in the most mature AD neurons, primary cortical neurons prepared from postnatal day 1 APP/PS1 mice and fixed at DIV 10 and 16 revealed that while only the spine head diameters were reduced at DIV 10, head diameters, surface areas, and F-actin levels were reduced in spines measured at DIV16 (Kommaddi et al., 2018). Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.