Finally, we used western blot analyses with total protein lysates of the tumor tissues to show a significant increase in phosphorylation levels of AKT, SMAD3, and ERK1/2 in tumors derived from the MDA-MB-231 (Fig. 7m) and 4T1 cells (Fig. 7n) re-expressing W3-WT but not W3-Y4. Here, MAPK3 is linked to neoplasm.