The effect of 4-OI on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) harvested from healthy donors was also examined; although PBMC infection by SARS-CoV2 (MOI 1) yielded a very weak induction of CXCL10 compared to sendai virus (SeV) infection (50 HAU), and no detectable induction of other cytokines, 4-OI treatment also reduced CXCL10 mRNA levels in this context (Fig. 4j). Here, CXCL10 is linked to infection.