TGF-β1 can have profibrotic effects on esophageal fibroblasts [89] and TGF-β1 can directly induce the expression of profibrotic genes such as fibronectin, collagen I, periostin, and smooth muscle actin in EoE fibroblasts [89]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and eosinophilic esophagitis.