It is known that cathepsins, along with caspases, are associated with the regulation of cell death [54,55,56] and other different physiological and pathological processes, such as maturation of the MHC class II complex, bone remodeling, keratinocyte differentiation, tumor progression, and metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis, and also atherosclerosis [57]. The gene discussed is CTSS; the disease is atherosclerosis.