NOS2 and Cognitive impairment: Endothelial NOS activity is inhibited by Aβ in basal phosphorylation,61 and neuronal NOS is inhibited by cigarette smoking.62 During CNS inflammation, the increase in endogenous inflammatory cytokine concentration can induce inducible NOS,63 and a rat model of systemic inflammation64 indicated that increased systemic inducible NOS activity can reverse cognitive deficits.