As for the specific mechanisms behind this association, human milk oligosaccharides as well as secretory immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and bacterial microbiota may play a role in preventing pathogenic bacterial adhesion while also providing nutrition for the microbiome.17 Multiple human viruses were more abundant in stool samples from infants who were exclusively fed on CMF, whereas Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were richer in those fed partially or fully on BF,18 suggesting their potential preventive effects on asthma or recurrent wheeze through gut microbiota. The gene discussed is LTF; the disease is asthma.