For example, a combination approach to target tumor angiogenesis using sunitinib, bevacizumab, or pazopanib and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway using temsirolimus has been approved as a front-line treatment option for mRCC, whereas PD-1/PD-L1 is a more recently developed anti-RCC agent (Barata and Rini, 2017; Posadas et al., 2017; Rodriguez-Vida et al., 2017; Zarrabi and Wu, 2018). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and renal cell carcinoma.