APAF1 and cancer: Wang et al. [12] uncovered that in laryngeal cancer cells demethylated SP1 sites in CG-rich region of miR-23a-27a-24–2 cluster promoter upregulate the cluster expression, resulting in early apoptosis inhibition and proliferation promotion probably via targeting the related targets such as PLK2 and APAF-1.On the basis of 77 LSCC patients, Liu et al. [13] found that hypermethylation percentage RUNX3 was associated with lymph node metastasis,TNM classification of malignant tumors stage, poor OS rate as well as suppression of RUNX3 expression.