NONO gene, a member of the Drosophila behavior/human splicing (DBHS) protein family, is located adjacent to TFE3. However, the adjacent location of NONO and TFE3 genes result in an equivocal split signal distance of TFE3, which leads to the misdiagnosis of NONO-TFE3 RCC as non-Xp11.2 translocation RCC9,15. Here, TFE3 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.