Finally, compared with DBP + saline mice, TUDCA treated mice (DBP + TUDCA) showed decreased relative mRNA levels for Bip and Chop and higher UCP1 protein expression, suggesting that endoplasmic reticulum stress participates in DBP-induced obesity by suppression of UCP1 (Fig. 6D,E). This evidence concerns the gene DDIT3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.