In a complex TME, stromal and/or infiltrating immune cells may substantially contribute to IL-8 expression; IL-8 regulation, in turn, can be modulated by targeted agents, such as selective BRAF inhibitors, differentially in a genetically normal stromal compartment, as compared to the tumor cell compartment, in which the net effect of pathway inhibition appears to be dictated by the specific genetic landscape of the tumor. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is neoplasm.