With regard to potential biological mechanisms for the adverse influence of obesity on blood lipid profiles, it has been put forward that obesity modulates blood lipid concentrations by impairing the endothelial functions of the blood vessels, reducing insulin resistance, and enhancing oxidative stress, which leads to an elevated risk of developing dyslipidemia and CVD38,39. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.