During acute and chronic stages of infection, we observed significantly lower mitochondrial membrane potential in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from metformin-treated guinea pigs compared to untreated animals (Fig. 5A, acute p = 0.003 and chronic p = 0.017; Fig. 5B, acute p = 0.0023 and chronic p = 0.0103). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is infection.