SFN and glioblastoma: Besides, SFN-Cys decreased α-tubulin and stathmin-1 by promoting ERK1/2 phosphorylation causing microtubule destruction, the downregulation of mitophagy receptor Bnip3-Nix pathway and the reduction of lysosomal hydrolytic capacity, contributing to the inhibition of mitochondria clearance as well as migration and invasion in GBM cells (Fig. 6g).