Comparing with No-DM group, DM-insulin group had a higher rate(145 vs. 338, χ2 = 94.042, p = 0.002) and severity of AKI(AKIN stage1: 109 vs 294; AKIN stage2: 24 vs 32; AKIN stage3: 12 vs 12, χ2 = 10.649, p = 0.005) (Table 5 and Fig. 1). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.