PTPN11 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Moreover, due to the central role of SHP-2 in mutant KRAS-driven carcinogenesis, it has been demonstrated that the synergic inhibition of SHP-2 and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) results in decreased tumor growth in xenograft models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer, sustaining the utility of the dual SHP-2/MEK inhibition in KRAS mutant cancers [57].